Geology, geography and global energy

Scientific and Technical Journal

Characteristic ice accumulation and cryogenic minerals in caves Kutuk ground (Bashkortostan)

2016. №2, pp. 30-39

Kadebskaya Olga I. - c.sc. in geography, associate professor, Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 78Р° Sibirskaya st., Perm, 614007, Russian Federation, icecave@bk.ru

Stepanov Yuriy I. - c.sc. in geology and mineralogy, associate professor, Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 78Р° Sibirskaya st., Perm, 614007, Russian Federation, stepanov@mi-perm.r

A definition of the geometric characteristics ice accumulation and using GPR detection of conditions for the formation of minerals in caves Kutuk ground. In the caves Kutuk 1, 2 and 4, there is a perennial and seasonal ice, evaporation ice of winter, summer melting of ice leads to the accumulation in karst cavities of a specific type - cryogenic flour. Maximum capacity of ice (3,5 m) was recorded in a cave Kutuk-1. Cryogenic meal composed of calcite crusts with a flat base surface formed in a thin film of water on the ice surface. Calcite crystals reach 40-100 microns long and folded sharp and blunt rhombohedra. The cave Kutuk-2 of the cave marked agglomerates consisting of cryogenic flour and debris. Thus, СЃryogenic crystals in caves Kutuk ground form in the rapid freezing solutions. The presence of a flat base in units of calcite gives grounds to assume that the accumulated ice on the surface of the cryogenic material liberated during the winter evaporation of ice, when interacting with a new portion of the incoming water again overgrown with calcite. Observed relationships reflect cryogenic diagenetic change and dehydration of the primary crystalline in the accumulation of ice mass. Aggregation cryogenic flour and debris in the cave Kutuk-2 occurred in the water film at positive temperatures during the melting of the seasonal ice.

Key words: георадар (GPR), мощность льда, пещеры, Урал, криогенные минералы, ground penetrating radar (GPR), the capacity of ice, caves, the Urals, cryogenic minerals

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