Geology, geography and global energy

Scientific and Technical Journal

Relief of the Pendzhabi Himalayas

2016. №1, pp. 26-40

Efremov Yu.V. - D.Sc. in Geography, Professor, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., Krasnodar, 350040, Russian Federation, efremov_kubsu@mail.ru

Orographical and morphological features of a relief on the basis of the analysis of topographic maps of different scales, space pictures "Landsat" and "Google" and the reconnoitering field supervision in August-September, 2015 are considered. It is noted that the relief of this region differs in big complexity. Here a series of the subwidth ridges divided by longitudinal deep valleys, intermountain hollows and mountain plateaus is observed. The main feature of a relief of the Panjabi Himalayas is emphasized a combination of a number of ridges (Zaskar, Ladakh, Pir Pindzhal, Dhauladhar, Sivalik and others), the hollows stretching parallel to the Main Himalaya ridge with a series the intermountain depressions (Kashmir, Lech, Cargill and others). The attention is focused on contrast of a relief of the Main Himalaya ridge which height changes from 3500 m (near Zodzhi's La pass through which the highway the way is paved) to 8125 m (Nanga-Parbat). The morphological description of certain ridges of a massif and intermountain hollows is given. Exogenous processes are considered. The high erosive and dissectionthe increased intensity of modern geomorphological processes is peculiar to this region. Here everywhere frost weatthering, landslide, mudfiow, diluvial and avalanche processes are developed. They are annually destroying highways, settlements and agricultural objects. Therefore research of a relief and modern geomorphological processes is one of the main problems of studying of the Himalayas.

Key words: хребты, горные массивы, внутригорные котловины, эрозия, аккумуляция, снежные лавины, селевые процессы, оползневые процессы, ridges, massif, intermountain depression, erosion, accumulation, avalanches, mudflow processes, landslide processes

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