Geology, geography and global energy
Scientific and Technical Journal
Monitoring in runoff formation from agricultural and suburban areas in European parts of Russia
2018. №2, pp. 111-118
Koronkevich N.I. - D.Sc. in Geography, Professor, Institute of Geography of Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Staromonetnyy per., Moscow, 119017, Russian Federation, hydro-igras@yandex.ru
Dolgov S.V. - C.Sc. Geography, Researcher, Institute of Geography of Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Staromonetnyy per., Moscow, 119017, Russian Federation, hydro-igras@yandex.ru
Melnik K.S. - department of hydrology, C.Sc. Geography, Researcher, Institute of Geography of Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Staromonetnyy per., Moscow, 119017, Russian Federation, hydro-igras@yandex.ru
Changes in runoff formation from agricultural fields and suburban areas are considered in the article. Spring runoff from agricultural fields defined by analysis of water balance stations dataset. It is related to the average long-term values of river flow over spring flood - major hydrological regime phase of rivers located in Russian European part. Agricultural fields can be divided into fall ploughing fields and fields that have not been ploughed since autumn with compacted soil to the beginning of spring flood. Our research study has shown that slope runoff from fall ploughing fields is much lower than runoff from other fields. From north to south the difference in runoff is increasing. Areas of ploughing fields sown with spring crops reached maximum values in 1980e. Their areas decreased next decades, from the period of USSR collapse till currently. Weighted average slope runoff (estimated from different areas) significantly decreased as a result of climate change. The influence of autumn ploughing on the river flow has also decreased at the present time. Urbanization area increase is causing the increase surficial runoff as well as total river runoff, especially in the warm season. The performed calculations show, that 1 % of urbanization area increase also enhances total river runoff at 1 %. Currently, Agro technical activities influence as well as ploughing fields impact on the annual river runoff formation is largely compensated by the effect of urbanized areas.
Key words: сток, зяблевая пахота, нераспаханные с осени поля, урбанизированные территории, runoff, ploughing fields, fields that have not been ploughed since autumn, hydrological role, climatic change, urbanized areas
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